Tracker: State Legislation on Deepfakes in Elections
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (A.I.) poses a myriad of serious threats to our democracy, from supercharging disinformation to making it easier to manipulate voters. One very acute concern shared by both parties is A.I. generated deepfakes in election communications. Deepfakes are A.I.-generated images, audio, or video depicting a candidate saying or doing things they never did to damage that candidate’s reputation and deceive voters.
Without regulation, deepfakes are likely to further confuse voters and undermine confidence in elections. A deepfake video could be released days or hours before an election with no time to debunk it – misleading voters and altering the outcome of the election.
State legislatures across the country are starting to pass urgently needed legislation to regulate deepfakes in elections, usually with bipartisan backing. So far, this legislation has received bipartisan support in every state where it has passed. The table below illustrates where states have passed or are in the process of debating legislation to regulate deepfakes in elections.
| STATE | BILL NO. | STATUS |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | HB 172 | Enacted May 2024 |
| Alaska | HB 358 | Passed House May 2024, Failed May 2024 |
| Alaska | SB 177 | Failed May 2024 |
| Alaska | HB 306 | Failed May 2024 |
| Arizona | SB 1515 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| Arizona | HB 2394 | Enacted May 2024 |
| Arizona | SB 1359 | Enacted May 2024 |
| Arkansas | HB 1041 | Filed Nov 2024 |
| California | AB 730 | Enacted Oct. 2019 |
| California | AB 972 | Enacted Sept. 2022 |
| California | AB 2355 | Enacted Sept. 2024 |
| California | AB 2839 | Enacted Sept. 2024 |
| California | AB 2655 | Enacted Sept. 2024 |
| Colorado | HB 1147 | Enacted May 2024 |
| Connecticut | SB 2 | Passed Senate April 2024, Failed May 2024 |
| Connecticut | HB 5450 | Failed May 2024 |
| Delaware | HB 316 HS 1 | Enacted October 2024 |
| District of Columbia | B25-0832 | Introduced June 2024 |
| Florida | SB 850 | Tabled Mar. 2024 |
| Florida | HB 919 | Enacted April 2024 |
| Georgia | HB 986 | Passed House Feb. 2024; Senate Tabled March 2024 |
| Hawaii | HB 1766 | Passed House Mar. 2024 |
| Hawaii | SB 2687 | Enacted July 2024 |
| Hawaii | HB 1734 | Introduced Jan. 2024 |
| Idaho | HB 426 | Introduced Jan. 2024, Re-introed as HB 565 Feb 2024 |
| Idaho | HB 565 | Introduced Feb. 2024, Re-introed as HB 664 Feb 2024 |
| Idaho | HB 664 | Enacted Mar. 2024 |
| Illinois | SB 1742 | Introduced Feb. 2023, Failed May 2024 |
| Illinois | HB 4933 | Introduced Feb. 2024, Failed May 2024 |
| Illinois | HB 4644 | Introduced Feb. 2024, Failed May 2024 |
| Indiana | SB7 | Introduced Jan. 2024, Failed March 2024 |
| Indiana | HB 1228 | Introduced Jan. 2024, Failed March 2024 |
| Indiana | HB 1225 | Introduced Jan. 2024, Failed March 2024 |
| Indiana | HB 1133 | Enacted Mar. 2024 |
| Iowa | HF 2549 | Passed House Mar. 2024, Failed April 2024 |
| Iowa | SF 2318 | Failed April 2024 |
| Kansas | HB 2559 | Failed May 2024 |
| Kansas | HB 2576 | Failed May 2024 |
| Kentucky | HB 45 | Passed House Feb. 2024, Failed April 2024 |
| Kentucky | SB 131 | Passed House Feb. 2024, Failed April 2024 |
| Louisiana | HB 154 | Passed May 2024, Vetoed by Gov. June 2024 |
| Louisiana | SB 97 | Passed May 2024, Vetoed by Gov. June 2024 |
| Louisiana | SB 9 | Introduced Mar. 2024, Failed June 2024 |
| Maine | LD 1988 | Failed Nov. 2020 |
| Maryland | HB 872 | Failed April 2024 |
| Maryland | SB 978 | Passed Senate Mar. 2024; Failed in House April 2024 |
| Massachusetts | S. 2831 | Introduced as S. 2730 in Jan 2024 |
| Massachusetts | H 5100S 2856 Amendment 7 | Enacted Nov 2024 (Sunsets Feb 2025) |
| Michigan | HB 5144 | Enacted Nov. 2023 |
| Minnesota | HF 1370 | Enacted May 2023 |
| Minnesota | SF 3550 | See HF 4772 |
| Minnesota | SF 4029 | Introduced Feb. 2024, Failed May 2024 |
| Minnesota | HF 4772 | Enacted May 2024 |
| Mississippi | HB 1689 | Passed House Mar. 2024, Failed April 2024 |
| Mississippi | SB 2577 | Enacted April 2024 |
| Missouri | SB 509 | Pre-filed Dec. 2024 |
| Missouri | HB 2628 | Passed House Mar. 2024, Failed May 2024 |
| Montana | LC 1795 | Draft in Progress Nov. 2024 |
| Montana | LC 0229 / SB 25 | Draft in Progress Nov. 2024 |
| Nebraska | LB 1203 | Indefinitely Postponed April 2024 |
| Nevada | AB 73 | Introduced Nov. 2024 |
| New Hampshire | HB 1596 | Enacted August 2024 |
| New Hampshire | HB 1432 | Enacted July 2024 |
| New Hampshire | HB 1500 | Referred for Study Mar. 2024 |
| New Hampshire | HB 1710 | Failed Feb. 2024 |
| New Jersey | A 2819 | Introduced May 2023 as A 5511 |
| New Jersey | A 2818 / s 2543 | Passed Assembly June 2024 |
| New Jersey | A 3838 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| New Mexico | HB 182 | Enacted Mar. 2024 |
| New York | A 7106A | Introduced in May 2023, Failed June 2024 |
| New York | S 7592 | Introduced in July 2023, Failed June 2024 |
| New York | S 8400A | Introduced Jan. 2024, Failed June 2024 |
| New York | A 9028 | Introduced Feb. 2024, Failed June 2024 |
| New York | NY State Budget FY 2024-25 (Part MM Subpart B) | Enacted April 2024 |
| New York | S 8631 | Introduced Feb. 2024, Failed June 2024 |
| North Carolina | SB 880 | Introduced May 2024 |
| North Carolina | H 1072 | Passed House May 2024 |
| North Carolina | SB 88 | Passed Senate June 2024 |
| Ohio | HB 367 | Introduced Dec. 2023 |
| Ohio | HB 410 | Introduced Feb. 2024 |
| Oklahoma | HB 3825 | Failed May 2024 |
| Oklahoma | SB 1655 | Passed Senate Mar. 2024, Failed May 2024 |
| Oregon | SB 1571 | Enacted Mar. 2024 |
| Pennsylvania | HB 2079 | Introduced Mar. 2024 |
| Pennsylvania | SB 1217 | Introduced May 2024 |
| Pennsylvania | HB 2353 | Introduced May 2024 |
| Rhode Island | H 7387 | Passed House May 2024, Failed June 2024 |
| South Carolina | H 3517 | Pre-filed Dec. 2024 |
| South Carolina | H 4660 | Failed May 2024 |
| South Dakota | SB 96 | Passed Senate Feb 2024, Failed Feb. 2024 |
| Tennessee | SB 2057 | Failed Feb. 2024 |
| Tennessee | SB 2386 | Failed Mar. 2024 |
| Tennessee | HB 2340 | Introduced Jan. 2024, Failed April 2024 |
| Texas | HB 401 | Filed Nov. 2024 |
| Texas | HB 556 | Filed Nov. 2024 |
| Texas | SB 228 | Filed Nov. 2024 |
| Texas | SB 751 | Enacted June 2019 |
| Utah | SB 131 | Enacted Mar. 2024 |
| Virginia | HB 697 | Tabled until 2025 |
| Virginia | SB 571 | Tabled until 2025 |
| Washington | SB 5152 | Enacted May 2023 |
| West Virginia | HB 4963 | Passed House Feb. 2024, Failed March 2024 |
| Wisconsin | SB 644 | Introduced Nov. 2023, Failed April 2024 |
| Wisconsin | AB 664 | Enacted Mar. 2024 |
| Wyoming | SF 0051 | Passed Senate Feb. 2024, Failed Mar. 2024 |
Last updated: December 17, 2024
See an error or want to share information on state political deepfake legislation? Please contact Ilana Beller (ibeller@citizen.org).